Last updated: 2025-06-04
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Knit directory: muse/
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| File | Version | Author | Date | Message |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rmd | d6c73be | Dave Tang | 2025-06-04 | Apply a monkey patch in R |
In computer programming, monkey patching is a technique used to dynamically update the behavior of a piece of code at run-time. It is used to extend or modify the runtime code of dynamic languages such as Smalltalk, JavaScript, Objective-C, Ruby, Perl, Python, Groovy, Lisp, and Lua without altering the original source code.
Great question! In R, you can use the assign() function
to monkeypatch by programmatically replacing or redefining a function,
including functions in other environments like packages. This is
especially useful when you want to inject a new version of a function
into an environment like package:stats.
Monkey patch stats::kmeans() using assign()
so that it prints a message before executing.
Save the original function.
original_kmeans <- stats::kmeansDefine the new function.
my_kmeans <- function(x, centers, ...) {
message("Modified kmeans called")
original_kmeans(x, centers, ...)
}Use assign() to overwrite kmeans in the
stats namespace. If run without
unlockBinding():
Error in assign(“kmeans”, my_kmeans, envir = asNamespace(“stats”)) : cannot change value of locked binding for ‘kmeans’
unlockBinding("kmeans", asNamespace("stats"))
assign("kmeans", my_kmeans, envir = asNamespace("stats"))
lockBinding("kmeans", asNamespace("stats"))Test.
set.seed(1984)
data <- matrix(rnorm(100), ncol = 2)
data_kmeans <- stats::kmeans(data, centers = 3)Modified kmeans calledRestore the Original
unlockBinding("kmeans", asNamespace("stats"))
assign("kmeans", original_kmeans, envir = asNamespace("stats"))
lockBinding("kmeans", asNamespace("stats"))
sessionInfo()R version 4.5.0 (2025-04-11)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Running under: Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS
Matrix products: default
BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libblas.so.3
LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libopenblasp-r0.3.26.so; LAPACK version 3.12.0
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
[3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
[5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
[9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
time zone: Etc/UTC
tzcode source: system (glibc)
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] lubridate_1.9.4 forcats_1.0.0 stringr_1.5.1 dplyr_1.1.4
[5] purrr_1.0.4 readr_2.1.5 tidyr_1.3.1 tibble_3.2.1
[9] ggplot2_3.5.2 tidyverse_2.0.0 workflowr_1.7.1
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] sass_0.4.10 generics_0.1.4 stringi_1.8.7 hms_1.1.3
[5] digest_0.6.37 magrittr_2.0.3 timechange_0.3.0 evaluate_1.0.3
[9] grid_4.5.0 RColorBrewer_1.1-3 fastmap_1.2.0 rprojroot_2.0.4
[13] jsonlite_2.0.0 processx_3.8.6 whisker_0.4.1 ps_1.9.1
[17] promises_1.3.2 httr_1.4.7 scales_1.4.0 jquerylib_0.1.4
[21] cli_3.6.5 rlang_1.1.6 withr_3.0.2 cachem_1.1.0
[25] yaml_2.3.10 tools_4.5.0 tzdb_0.5.0 httpuv_1.6.16
[29] vctrs_0.6.5 R6_2.6.1 lifecycle_1.0.4 git2r_0.36.2
[33] fs_1.6.6 pkgconfig_2.0.3 callr_3.7.6 pillar_1.10.2
[37] bslib_0.9.0 later_1.4.2 gtable_0.3.6 glue_1.8.0
[41] Rcpp_1.0.14 xfun_0.52 tidyselect_1.2.1 rstudioapi_0.17.1
[45] knitr_1.50 farver_2.1.2 htmltools_0.5.8.1 rmarkdown_2.29
[49] compiler_4.5.0 getPass_0.2-4